The GFP Bunny

Eduardo Kac’s GFP bunny is one of his major transgenic artworks. This bunny is the work of art and genetic engineering. Alba's luminous green hue is achieved through the introduction of a green fluorescent protein gene that serves as a mesmerizing testament to the possibilities unleashed by biotechnology in the realm of artistic expression. Alba also represents the exploration of the ethical, social, and philosophical implications of genetic manipulation.

In contrast to traditional animal breeding, which often prioritizes specific traits or functions, transgenic art challenges the audience to question the relationship with non-human species. Eduardo Kac's inspiration to embark on the GFP Bunny project stemmed from his deep-seated fascination with the intersection of art, science, and philosophy. As a pioneering figure in the field of bioart, Kac was driven by a desire to push the boundaries of artistic expression and explore the transformative potential of genetic engineering.

In addition, the human-rabbit association has ancient roots dating back to biblical times, evidenced by references in Leviticus and Deuteronomy. Phoenician sailors encountered rabbits on the Iberian Peninsula around 1100 BC, contributing to the etymological origins of Spain. The Roman geographer Strabo and Emperor Servius Sulpicius Galba further emphasized Spain's association with rabbits. Human involvement in rabbit evolution intensified from the 6th to 10th centuries AD, notably through selective breeding by monks in southern France. This process led to the domestication of the European rabbit, resulting in diverse breeds with various fur colors and sizes by the 16th century. The introduction of the Angora rabbit in the 18th century marked a milestone in selective breeding, yielding rabbits with unique characteristics like thick wool coats. Selective breeding, combined with global migration and trade, facilitated the spread of rabbits to new environments and the development of numerous breeds worldwide. Additionally, natural genetic variations, such as the albino mutation, contributed to morphological diversity and cultural significance, with albino animals revered in Native American traditions.

By introducing a green fluorescent protein gene into the genome of a rabbit, Kac sought to create a visually striking creature that would simultaneously raise questions about the ethics of genetic manipulation and the nature of artistic creation. Through meticulous planning, research, and collaboration, he navigated the intricate technical and ethical challenges inherent in creating a transgenic organism.

Kac with Alba, the GFP bunny

Why Alba?

Aztec rabbit. Shown on the back of the "Coronation Stone of Motecuhzoma II", Mexico, A.D. 1503. Art Institute, Chicago.

Ixchel and the Rabbit, North America, C.800 C.E. Ixchel is the moon goddess in Maya mythology, often depicted sitting in a moon sign holding a rabbit.

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This blog has been inspired the article on the GFP Bunny written by Eduardo Kac himself.